The key role of glass fiber self-adhesive tape in building insulation system

Introduction

Building energy consumption accounts for over 30% of the total social energy consumption, and the external wall insulation system is the core link for energy conservation and consumption reduction. However, the cracking of joints caused by differences in thermal expansion coefficients in traditional insulation materials has become a key bottleneck restricting system efficiency. Fiberglass self-adhesive tape provides an innovative solution to this problem due to its unique anti deformation properties.

1、 Analysis of the causes of cracks in the insulation system

Differences in thermal expansion of materials

The linear expansion coefficient of extruded polystyrene board (XPS) is 5 × 10 ⁻⁵/℃, rock wool board is 8 × 10 ⁻⁶/℃, and concrete is 1 × 10 ⁻⁵/℃. Under the temperature difference environment of -20 ℃ to 50 ℃, a displacement difference of 0.3-0.8mm will occur at the interface of different materials.

stress concentrate

The stress concentration factor at the joint can reach 3-5 times that of the substrate. When the stress exceeds the tensile strength of the material, cracks will occur. The tensile strength of traditional paper tape is only 50N/5cm, which cannot effectively disperse stress.

Environmental erosion effect

Rainwater infiltration causes an increase in the water absorption rate of insulation materials (XPS water absorption rate<1%, rock wool up to 5%), and freeze-thaw cycles result in volume expansion (water freezes and expands by 9%), accelerating joint failure.

2、 Intervention mechanism of self-adhesive tape technology

Construction of stress buffer layer

The glass fiber self-adhesive tape disperses concentrated stress to a 10cm wide buffer tape through its 0.18mm thick elastic layer. Finite element analysis shows that this structure can reduce the peak stress at the joint by 68% and improve the uniformity of stress distribution by 42%.

Multi scale interface enhancement

At the micro level, the acrylic coating forms a chemical bond with the insulation material, with a bonding strength of up to 0.6MPa

At the mesoscopic level, the anchoring effect of glass fiber mesh increases shear strength by three times

Macroscopic level: 50mm wide tape forms a continuous constraint band to suppress crack propagation

Environmental adaptability optimization

By modifying with silane coupling agent, the surface contact angle of the material was increased from 68 ° to 112 °, achieving hydrophobic transformation. In an environment with a humidity of 95%, the water absorption rate is only 0.3%, which is 85% lower than traditional materials.

3、 Typical Engineering Application Cases

A ultra-low energy consumption demonstration project in Beijing

The project adopts a 200mm thick graphite polystyrene board (SEPS) external wall insulation system, reinforced with double-layer self-adhesive tape in stress concentrated areas such as door and window openings. After 3 years of monitoring, the occurrence rate of cracks at the joints has decreased from the industry average of 12% to 0.5%, and the system's heat transfer coefficient has remained stable below 0.15W/(㎡· K).

Renovation project of a historical building in Shanghai

A 0.12mm ultra-thin self-adhesive tape has been developed for the composite system of plain brick wall and rock wool insulation board. By adjusting the diameter of the glass fiber to 0.15mm, a perfect fit with the brick joint can be achieved while maintaining tensile strength. After the renovation, the building's energy consumption decreased by 45% and it obtained LEED Platinum certification.

Xiong'an New Area Prefabricated Building Cluster

In the joint treatment of precast concrete exterior wall panels, a composite process of "self-adhesive tape+sealant" is adopted. Compared to traditional sealant treatment alone, this solution reduces the air tightness from 1.5 times/h to 0.3 times/h, and increases the water tightness from 500Pa to 1000Pa, meeting the highest level requirements of the national standard.

4、 Technical standards and construction specifications

Material performance indicators

Tensile strength: warp ≥ 1500N/5cm, weft ≥ 1200N/5cm

Alkali retention rate: 90 days ≥ 90%

Combustion performance: Class A non combustible

Environmental indicators: volatile organic compound (VOC) release<10g/L

Key points of construction quality control

Environmental conditions: temperature 5-35 ℃, humidity<85%

Overlap length: horizontal ≥ 50mm, vertical ≥ 100mm

Rolling pressure: Use a 2kg rubber hammer to strike evenly 3 times

Maintenance time: Avoid disturbance within 24 hours after pasting

5、 Development Trends and Prospects

Intelligent upgrade

Developing an intelligent self-adhesive tape with built-in fiber optic sensors that can monitor changes in joint stress in real-time and alert potential cracking risks. Preliminary testing shows that the system has an accuracy rate of 92% in identifying micro cracks with a size of 0.1mm.

Multi-functional integration

Develop a composite self-adhesive tape with phase change energy storage function, which absorbs heat in summer and releases heat in winter, thereby increasing the energy-saving efficiency of the insulation system by another 15%. The laboratory stage product has achieved a capacity retention rate of over 95% after 500 charge discharge cycles.

3D printing customization

Based on BIM technology, parametric design can produce irregular self-adhesive tapes that fully adhere to building components. The pilot project shows that this technology reduces material waste rate from 12% to 2% and improves construction efficiency by 40%.

Conclusion

Fiberglass self-adhesive tape creates a "flexible protective barrier" at the joints of the insulation system through material innovation and process optimization. With the continuous improvement of building energy-saving standards, this material will play an irreplaceable role in zero carbon buildings, near zero energy buildings and other fields, promoting the evolution of building envelope technology towards high performance and long service life.